Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the preparation-process parameters on calcium acetate from eggshell. Box-Behnken was employed for experimental design, and the optimal combination of reaction temperature, solid-liquid ratio, acetic acid concentration, primary reaction time and secondary reaction time for preparing calcium acetate was analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was used to fit the experimental data to the second-order polynomial equation, and appropriate statistical methods were used for analysis. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions of calcium acetate were as follows: reaction temperature of 39 °C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:12, acetic acid concentration of 159%, primary reaction time 1.5 h and secondary reaction time of 80min. Under the optimum preparation conditions, the experimental yield of calcium acetate was 96.5%, which was in good agreement with the predicted value.

Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the preparation-process parameters on calcium propionate from eggshell. Box-Behnken was used for experimental design and the optimal combination of the preparation-process parameters for preparing calcium propionate was analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was used to fit the experimental data to the second-order polynomial equation, and appropriate statistical methods were used for analysis. The results show that optimum preparation conditions of calcium propionate were as follows: reaction temperature of 85 °C, solid-liquid ratio of 1:16, propionic acid concentration 176.00%, ultrasonic power of 135 W, ultrasonic time of 1.4 min, primary reaction time of 1.0 h and second reaction time 64.00 min. Under the optimum preparation conditions, the experimental yield of calcium propionate was 96.12%, which was in good agreement with the predicted value.

RESUMO A captura de movimento é um problema comum nos esportes. É usado principalmente para medir e capturar a distância de corrida em jogos de futebol. Este estudo aborda o uso do algoritmo de captura de movimento por computação em nuvem no teste de distância de corrida de futebol, por falta do algoritmo de computação em nuvem usando a captura de movimento na aplicação. Os dados são obtidos por experimento para verificar a eficácia e viabilidade do algoritmo melhorado de captura de movimento por computação em nuvem no teste de distância de corrida no futebol. A conclusão final é que, em comparação com o algoritmo original de captura de movimento por computação em nuvem, o algoritmo otimizado de captura de movimento por computação em nuvem pode reduzir significativamente o número de ciclos no teste de distância de corrida no futebol.

ABSTRACT Motion capture is a common problem in sports. It is mainly used to measure and capture running distance in football matches. Use of cloud computing motion capture algorithm in football running distance test, for lack of cloud computing algorithm using motion capture in the application. Data are obtained by experiment to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the improved cloud computing motion capture algorithm in running distance in football. The final conclusion is that, compared with the original cloud computing motion capture algorithm, the optimized cloud computing motion capture algorithm can significantly reduce the number of cycles in the test of football running distance.

RESUMEN La captura de movimiento es un problema común en los deportes. Es usado principalmente para medir y capturar la distancia de corrida en juegos de fútbol. Este estudio aborda el uso del algoritmo de captura de movimiento por computación en nube en el test de distancia de corrida de fútbol, por falta del algoritmo de computación en nube usando la captura de movimiento en la aplicación. Los datos son obtenidos por experimento para verificar la eficacia y viabilidad del algoritmo mejorado de captura de movimiento por computación en nube en el test de distancia de corrida en el fútbol. La conclusión final es que, en comparación con el algoritmo original de captura de movimiento por computación en nube, el algoritmo optimizado de captura de movimiento por computación en nube puede reducir significativamente el número de ciclos en el test de distancia de corrida en el fútbol.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the differential expression of DEC1 in oral normal mucosa (NM), oral leukoplakia (OLK) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Surgically excised specimens from patients with OLK (n = 47), OSCC (n = 30) and oral normal mucosa (n=11) were immunostained for DEC1. The expression of DEC1 protein was evaluated, and its association with the clinicopathological features was analyzed. The expression of DEC1 in NM, OLK and OSCC tissues increased in turn, and significant differences were observed among the groups (P < 0.0001). In terms of the association between DEC1 expression and epithelial dysplasia, DEC1 expression was lower in hyperkeratosis without dysplasia (H-OLK) than in OLK with moderate to severe dysplasia (S-OLK), and these differences were significant (p < 0.05). The expression of DEC1 in OSCC with OLK was significantly higher than that in OSCC without OLK (p < 0.01). Therefore, DEC1 could be a potential biomarker of malignant transformation in the carcinogenesis of OSCC, which may provide a new research direction for the transformation of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) into OSCC.

Abstract The effects of allelochemicals and aqueous extracts from different Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., Lamiaceae, parts and rhizosphere soil on growth parameters, leaf membrane peroxidation and leaf antioxidant enzymes were investigated in patchouli. P. cablin seedlings were incubated in solutions containing allelochemicals and aqueous extracts from different patchouli parts and its rhizosphere soil at several concentrations. Firstly, the growth parameters were significantly reduced by the highest concentration of leaves, roots and stems extracts (p < 0.05). As compared to the control, plant height was reduced by 99.8% in the treatment with leaves extracts (1:10). The malondialdehyde content increased greatly when patchouli seedlings were subject to different concentrations of leaves, roots and stems extracts; meanwhile, the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities showed an increase trend at the low concentration, followed by a decline phase at the high concentration of roots and leaves extracts (1:10). What's more, leaves and roots extracts had a more negative effect on patchouli growth than stems extracts at the same concentrations. Secondly, the total fresh mass, root length and plant height were greatly reduced by the highest strength of soil extracts. Their decrements were 22.7, 74.9, and 33.1%, respectively. Thirdly, growth parameters and enzymatic activities varied considerably with the kinds of allelochemicals and with the different concentrations. Plant height, root length and total fresh weight of patchouli were greatly reduced by p-hydroxybenzoic acid (200 μM), and their decrements were 77.0, 42.0 and 70.0%, respectively. Finally, three useful measures on reducing the autotoxicity during the sustainable patchouli production were proposed.

In this study we focused on the development of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and investigated changes in the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) in different tissues. We sampled grape skin at four, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks after anthesis; developing flowers when blooming at 0%, 5%, 50%, and 90%; and leaves at two and four weeks before anthesis and at two, four, six, eight, nine, and 10 weeks after anthesis. We also examined the type and fluctuation of volatile contents. ADH activity increased with the development of flowers and grape skins, which led to the increasing of types and concentration of alcohols. Low levels of 9-HPL led to low concentrations of C9 compounds. According to this paper, C6 compounds became abundant with the development of grape berries, while the activity of 13-HPL kept at a low level in the flowers and grape skins. There might have been a high level of 13-HPL activity from the end of flowering until fruit setting that we did not detect. Furthermore, similar C6 and C5 compounds were detected across all tissues, including hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol and 3-hexen-1-ol. Generally speaking, the concentrations of C6 and C5 compounds could be used as the criterion of maturation of the three grape tissues.

Sesquiterpenes Essential oil produced by patchouli was one of the most important naturally occurring base materials used in the perfume industry, containing various sesquiterpenes. Three different parts (leaves, stems and roots) of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth., Lamiaceae, were profiled in relation to different maturation phases in this paper, evaluating the variations in content of the major sesquiterpenes in the essential oil. Twelve sesquiterpenes were analyzed by GC-MS throughout the maturity of P. cablin. Patchouli alcohol (37.54%-51.02% in leaves, 28.24%-41.96% in stems and 14.55%-35.12% in roots) was the major sesquiterpene during the maturation of the plant. The average content of several other sesquiterpenes (α-bulnesene, α-guaiene, seychellene, β-humulene and caryophyllene) were higher than 3% among leaves, stems and roots. The content of essential oil, patchouli alcohol, α-bulnesene and several other compounds were highly accumulated at 210 days of maturation after cultivation of P. cablin. Thus, this period was the best moment to exploit the maximum level of these high value-added compounds in P. cablin. Furthermore, our results indicated that the essential oil extracted from leaves of P. cablin has the highest potential to be used in the perfume industry.